Friday, January 27, 2017

Jail and Prison Subculture

Jail and prisons all have a certain subculture that they abide by, more so than the law at times. There are a lot of different roles an inmate can play while incarcerated. It is so interesting to me that things that would be considered horrible outside of jail and prisons, are considered admirable inside them. For example, if an inmate kill an officer, they immediately are one of the cooler of the inmates. The worse the crime the more admirable the criminal is. However, this does have exceptions, like child molesters and rapists are not considered admirable. There are so many things that inmates need to make sure to keep up with as far as the subculture go.
               Just like the child rapists and molesters, the “snitches” and “rats” get treated terribly. There have been accounts of them getting severely tortured or even murdered for their actions. The rapists and molesters sometimes get raped by several men. A lot of the inmates consider themselves situational homosexuals because outside of prison they are heterosexual. This is really interesting to me because they all have different nick names. The aggressive more masculine is considered one of the “wolves” or “pitchers”, “punks” are the usually younger and weaker ones, “fags” are the ones who have been homosexual since before jail or prison. There are many kinds of roles inmates play while in jail or prison.
               “Swag men” are another group of people inmates. These men are the ones who will steal things like sandwiches from the cafeteria, smuggle drugs, and toiletries to sell to the other inmates. There are a lot more roles and for the inmates it is very important for everyone to play their parts. Inmates feel the need to form these subcultures in order to adjust to the prison life better. It helps them adjust to the loss of liberty, sexual relationships, material items, and so forth. Some believe that this behavior is due to their criminal past and how that has shaped how they behave. In other words, if a group of people who had not committed any crime went into the same type of confinement, they would create a different type of subculture.
               The subculture that is created in these types of environment is strictly based on the inmates criminal behavior and  how that has influenced there characteristics. I definitely believe that the incarceration plays a role because these people all of the sudden lose a lot of their rights, but I do not think it plays as big of a role as people think it does. Donald R. and Irwin Cressey both came up with the importation theory which validated this idea (Prisons: Prisoners - Inmate Subcultures And Informal Organizations). The gang influence and division is very apparent in jails and prisons, and often times the cause for these subcultures.
               The vast majority of Latino and African American individual causes separation itself, but the relation to gangs make it much more divided. Most gangs are divided by race and even though there are less Caucasian inmates they still separate themselves from the other gangs to prove loyalty to their gang/race. This is not say that none of them can get a long, but they definitely side with one group more than the other. Most other races are such a small minority that they usually keep to themselves or pick one of the gangs to get involved with. Other gangs and ethnicities are getting bigger in jails and prisons.
               Take the Asians, there has been an increase in their incarceration in recent years. This is because there has been more criminal activity and more Asians migrating to the United States. They are having issues adjusting to the subculture of jails and prisons because they are trying to create their own (The curious eclipse of prison ethnography, 375). This has caused an even bigger divide among all the gangs versus the Asians, so much so that the Asians are in their own tier in the Los Angeles County Jail. It is crazy to see how when you get a large number of people, the less they get along. This is in part because they have criminal and violent history.

               Learning about the subculture and culture of jails is crucial to being able to have any kind of job in this field. It is important to know their behavior and why they act the way they do. I went on a jail tour once and the officer who directed explained how at first it was hard for him to adjust to the different personalities and how the more he understood it the smoother things ran.


sources:
http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1466138102003004012
http://law.jrank.org/pages/1796/Prisons-Prisoners-Inmate-subcultures-informal-organizations.html





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